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Born-Oldham

Enlisted-Chesham

Gallipoli 1915

On 25 April, British, Australian and New Zealand forces landed on the Gallipoli peninsula. The plan was that these forces would soon defeat a demoralised Turkish army, knock Turkey out of the war, open up the Mediterranean to the Russian navy and threaten Austro-Hungary from the south. None of these things were achieved despite nine months of hard fighting in terrible conditions. It was a heroic failure.

By July, 1915, and after much fierce fighting, stalemate had set in at Gallipoli both at Cape Helles where the British and French had landed and at Anzac Cove where the Australian and New Zealand Corps were unable to break out of their beach head. Fresh troops were needed which were on their way in the shape of four divisions from Britain and things were put on hold until they arrived.

The plan for August was for a landing at Suvla Bay to the north of Anzac Cove whilst at the same time, the ANZAC Corps, reinforced by some of the new British troops would effect a breakout from Anzac Cove and establish a line across the peninsula. Whilst this was going on the troops in the south at Helles would stage a number of diversionary attacks. But it all went horribly wrong and much of the reason for this can be explained by inadequate planning and leadership. Nobody seemed to know what they were supposed to be doing and Lieutenant-General Stopford, in charge of the Suvla landings was particularly out of his depth. The landings at Suvla failed to link up with the forces at Anzac and the breakout from there did not happen despite valiant efforts by all concerned. The loss of life on all fronts was again enormous. L.A. Carlyon’s excellent book “Gallipoli” gives a superb yet chilling account of the events.

A final effort to break through at Suvla was made on 21st August by 29th Division, which had been brought round from Helles, 11th Division and the recently arrived 2nd Mounted Division when, that afternoon, they attacked the W Hills and Scimitar Hill on the Anfarta Spur, due east of Suvla Bay. At the same time units of the ANZAC Corps attacked Hill 60 just to the south of the Suvla front. The operation failed on all three fronts with heavy casualties inflicted on the divisions taking part. 29th Division moved against Scimitar Hill and Hill 112 but by 5pm, after some initial success, the attack had died away leaving the western slopes strewn with British dead. At this stage the 2nd Mounted Division were sent forward from their assembly point at Lala Baba  to Chocolate Hill and ordered to resume the attack. With no clear plan, a complete lack of knowledge of the battle front and made up by men who had not been in battle before they were almost bound to fail and this indeed is what happened. The 1st Royal Buckinghamshire Hussars were part of 2nd South Midland Brigade which moved north of Chocolate Hill, heading for Scimitar Hill. By 6.15pm they had reached parts of the Turkish front line but then came under heavy counter-attacks and were forced back to Chocolate Hill. One of the casualties suffered by 1st Royal Buckinghamshire Hussars was Samuel Richardson.